Summary:

2017 marked the beginning of multi-messenger astrophysics: gravitational waves detectors found a neutron star merger for the first time, and its electromagnetic counterpart revealed spectroscopic evidence that neutron star mergers are nucleosynthesis sites of the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process), which could be responsible of the formation of some heavy elements such as gold. The implication of nuclear data and nuclear physics models is of prime importance to understand astrophysical nucleosynthesis, but also the structure and interior of neutron stars. Cosmic rays, that can reach us from distant supernovae, are also material messengers of nuclear processes in the Universe. Highest energy sources are unknown, and the first significant cosmic ray anisotropy, also reported in 2017, is a clue to their origin. Cosmic-ray interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere produce air showers, which provide a test bed for theories of hadronic interactions. The fact that the Pierre Auger Observatory has detected more muons from cosmic-ray showers than predicted by the most up-to-date hadronic interaction models, is a puzzle. The implication of nuclear data and hadronic interaction models is of prime importance for cosmic ray astrophysics. Heavy nuclei and cosmic rays are also of prime importance for astrobiology.